Can I give zakat to non-Muslims?

The majority view

When the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ sent Mu'adh to Yemen, he told him to teach that Allah has made zakat obligatory, to be taken from their wealthy and given to their poor (Sahih al-Bukhari 1395). The four Sunni schools understood this as zakat circulating within the Muslim community: taken from Muslims and given to Muslims in need. This is the position of most scholars and most zakat funds.

The exception

One of the eight zakat categories in Quran 9:60 is al-mu'allafati qulubuhum, "those whose hearts are to be brought together." In the Prophet's time, this sometimes included non-Muslims whose goodwill benefited the community. Scholars differ:

• Some say this category still applies and can include non-Muslims who are sympathetic to Islam.
• Others say it's mainly for new Muslims today, or that only the authorities may use it.

Because of the difference, it's safer to give your zakat to eligible Muslims and use sadaqah for others. See Who can receive zakat?

Sadaqah for everyone

Voluntary charity has no such restriction. You can help non-Muslim neighbors, friends, family and strangers in need, and you're rewarded for it:

Many converts have non-Muslim parents. Supporting them with your own money is not just allowed but part of honoring them. See Can I give zakat to my parents or siblings?

Practical tips

• Use your zakat for Muslims in need, through a trusted zakat fund or directly.
• Use sadaqah for food banks, shelters and neighbors of any faith. See Can I still donate to non-Muslim charities as a Muslim?
• Zakat al-fitr also goes to Muslims according to most scholars.